In China, high rank (Guì rén 贵人) is a wish for noble status. During the Qing dynasty the highest rank of nobility was the gentry or the literati (scholars) who were Imperial Court Officials a position which could be inherited by their sons who passed the difficult series of Imperial Civil Service Examinations that granting immediate status as an imperial or government official. As a result of the Qing dynasty’s expansion and changing ethnic composition, a re-definition of inherited ranks resulted in 14 ranks and 20 sub-ranks for all court officials and the Manchu family. A lesser gentry status of Civilian Official was attainable by anyone who passed the Imperial Civil Service Examinations. Those of high status in most cultures had the means to purchase more expensive, well-made clothing and other items, many of which were emblems of their wealth, influence and high status.. An example of this in Western culture is the difference between every day utilitarian unndecorated pottery for Roman common folk, where the emphasis would be on a piece’s utility and not its beauty and higher quality ceramics such as ARS (African red slip wares) and even more epensive, higher quality pottery and other status symbols only the rich could afford.
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Ancestor-figures portrayed as Chinese officials were placed on a home altar with other house gods and Buddhist or Popular Religion images to bring “fu” to the household. During the Qing dynasty, designation as an official was so significant families sought to emphasize this achievement in their family ancestral figures. They normally have serious expressions and…
Statues of attendants often appear as a pair looking inward and flanking a deity, unless they are very important ones and look straight ahead. They may carry a range of offerings. This antique Chinese woodcarving appears to be a Taoist image likely placed on a home altar along with deities, house gods and ancestors to…
Mandarin-officials were very highly regarded bureaucratic scholars serving the government of Imperial China and were often honored by their family descendants who included ancestor-figures in Mandarin officials-attire on the family home altar or shrine from the Ming Dynasty through the Qing (aka Manchu) Dynasty. As part of ancestor-worship these figures were the highest form of…
During the Qing Dynasty, reverence for Mandarin officials and their associated high status with it was so significant that families sought to perpetuate this image through the generations in carved and painted renderings of their ancestors. Ancestor-figures were the highest form of filial piety, and ancestor-worship was a cornerstone of Confucianism. Stuart (p. 82) states…
Officials are often portrayed in Chinese woodcarvings in a stable seated position with feet placed and firmly planted on a plinth. This compact Qing portrayal presents a person of importance and control, and it is reinforced here with an intense expression and closed eyes making him a bit detached to fortify his status, rank and…
Families often commissioned ancestor statues in the likeness of a civil or military official as these images conveyed the wish for a rise in rank or the aspiration to become an official as well as admiration for the integrity, endurance and perseverance associated with status as an official. This ancestor statue is a Chinese official…
During the Qing Dynasty Chinese officials were so significant that families often sought to portray an ancestor as an official in carved and painted images. This image reflects many of the common characteristics of ancestor-figures discussed by Stuart and Rawaski who write that ancestors were portrayed these official as if they are deities or rulers …
Chinese belt hooks were worn with the hook end on the wearer’s left and fastened to clothing with a button like bronze piece fixed to the belt’s end. Initially only functional, metalwork belt hooks became a symbol of wealth, high status and power by the Han Dynasty. They were made using a variety of materials…
During the Song Dynasty earthenware unglazed brick tiles made using a mould were produced to decorate inner chamber walls of tombs and government and public buildings. Used as funerary decorations to wish the deceased happiness and comfort in their afterlife, these Song Brick Tiles are another example of a mingqi ancestral item. Without knowledge of…
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