Antique Fulani Manilla Currency/Slave Trade Bracelet, West Africa (3146GKE)

Description

The Fulani are the most numerous nomadic people on earth and one of the largest ethnic groups in West-Africa. Mostly Muslim, they are primarily nomads and sedentary farmers. For centuries the Fulani, like most peoples from Africa created metalwork African-jewelry arm and ankle bracelets as symbols of wealth and status and fashion adornments used ceremonially for births, coming of age, marriages, and burials, to trade for animals and domestic and agricultural goods and as a medium of exchange where there were no banks or conventional money exchange systems. Since they are so numerous, theirmanilla bracelets are found throughout West Africa.  During the colonization of Africa in the 1500s. the British, French and Dutch appropriated these bracelets and began to manufacture their own versions they named manillas. Once a beautiful indigenous form of African-metalwork currency and adornment for and by African peoples, manillas became the currency for the slave trade to the Americas and were referred to as “slave bracelets,” “slave trade money” and “bracelet money” to purchase slaves to work on plantations in the Americas. Slave bracelets were finally prohibited for use by foreign traders under the Manilla Currency Ordinance of 1919 but continued to be used by the West African Currency Board for several decades. The 1940s and 50’s witnessed a strong and successful movement to collect, confiscate and meltdown manillas to use for other purposes. Manillas are still worn by slave descendants in the Caribbean as a significant family treasure of African-art to pass on to future generations.