Earthenware is a general term for clay shaped and fired into a hard, stiff, inelastic, non-eroding and heat-resistant object. The term Pottery includes Earthenware and terracotta, which is a form of Earthenware. Subject to the items mixed with the clay and increasing the firing temperature, earthenware can become stoneware or porcelain. Ancient earthenware is fired in the wide range of 800 to 1400 degrees and includes Han dynasty mingqi.
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This pottery Judean juglet was made during the Biblical Period in the Holy Land (Levant) and used to hold perfume or other costly items. Its upper body tapers inward to a narrow neck to limit its pouring rate and conserve its costly contents. Covered with slip to lessen leakage and improve their appearance, these were used throughout the Roman-Empire.
This small wine jug was created in a Roman North Africa production center for domestic use and exported elsewhere in the empire. As the poor could only afford practical objects, potters made many functional objects using inexpensive long-lasting materials.
This small juglet has a globular body, a round base, a very short neck, a wide mouth and short handles on each side. Like many other small Second Temple Period (circa 597-300BCE) pieces it is a functional item covered with a black slip and burnished. Small juglets like this “…were finished to a higher quality and were used for cosmetics and scented oils [and perfumes and ointments].” (Frank) This piece is intact, in good condition and a genuine piece from ancient history. There are two chips on the mouth rim, body dents, and burnish losses, all expected for its age and longer than two millennia old burial.
Source
Tom Frank, “Imagining the Past: Archeology and the Bible: a juglet to anoint,” September, 2014.
This ancient hand made ancient pottery juglet from biblical Judea has a globular body, a round base and a short neck flaring into a triangular mouth and its circular handle runs from its mouth to the shoulder.
Produced in northern Apulia in the early Daunian period, this cup with a flaring rim has a wide loop ear-shaped handle attached at the bottom, looping above and attached to the top rim. It was covered with a beige slip before being decorated with reddish-brown and light black bands on the body and handle creating a multi color stripe motif on the handle and across the body with geometric forms such as circles, and four triangles with rounded sides typical of Duanian earthenware vessels. There may be repairs to the handle as there is a thick uneven slip applied over the painted body underneath it or the handle might have been attached after the body paint was completed. Otherwise it is in very good condition.
The shape of this elegant carinated ancient earthenware pouring vessel used to hold and dispense potable liquids: water, wine and other drinks. They were used to hydrate everyone including laborers, field workers, ship-rowers, army personnel and people in their homes and were placed wherever they were needed.
This Roman ceramic flagon is a uniquely shaped vessel used to store and pour potable liquids. A crème slip carinated jug with a high profile and a trefoil pouring spout, it has a strap handle attached from the carinated edge to just below the rim for easy handling.
Earthenware pottery jarlets from Roman North Africa were used as oil, perfume, ointment or cosmetic containers and are a mini version of a Greek wine jug (oenochoe). Not used for wine, it has no handle, its shape fits well in the hand making it easy to grip and it is idecorated with ribbing and grooved furrows) around its body.
This finely shaped red clay earthenware piece is less typical than other Roman bowls. Its thin walls are taller and lighter, and a red band circles it and angles inward a bit on the inside.
This rare Han dynasty green glazed winged cup is a mingqi burial object placed in a tomb to comfort and satisfy the deceased. Winged cups were popular during the Han Dynasty when they were made from molded earthenware covered with a thick green leaded glaze which sometimes , as here, caused a chemical reaction between the lead and the tomb’s humidity resulting in an iridescent silver-green color. It is in very good condition considering its age and use with considerable silver-green glazed luminous iridescence remaining.
This two thousand year old heavy wine vessel called a Hu is covered in a dark-green lead glaze used often during the Han dynasty for burial items called mingqia variety of which were placed in tombs to provide comfort to the deceased in their afterlife. With a characteristic elegant hu shape, it rests on a wide foot and rises to a minimally decorated globular body with low relief horizontal bars, a wide tapering neck and is topped by a wide flaring bowl-like mouth. Its underside, like most, was left unglazed.
This glazed pig mingqi was one of many items made for a tomb to placate the spirit of the deceased and assure the soul’s access to the things enjoyed when alive. This animal mingqi confirms the importance of pigs as a food source and of raising livestock in Han China. An alert animal whose stocky body is typical, it’s dark lead green glaze and damp tomb created a chemical reaction over centuries making it a lustrous, iridescent green impossible to copy that is highly valued in China and by collectors. In very good condition, it has expected glaze losses, minor abrasions and cracks due to its age and long tomb burial.
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