Known as the first Thai independent polity (society), the Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1438)was the first independent kingdom in Thai history. It was originally a major trade center under the Khmer Kingdom, but after revolting against the Khmer, the Thais gained independence and built their domain around the ancient city of Sukhothai in north-central Thailand in 1238. It lost its independence after being invaded in 1349 by neighboring Ayutthaya, the 2nd Thai kingdom. The preserved ruins of the kingdom’s capital are a designated a World Heritage Site outside modern Sukhothai, a fascinating historical location. Its ruler Ram Khamhaeng the Great (1279–1298), introduced Theravada Buddhism, early Thai script and established relations with Yuan China from which Thailand gained techniques for the later production and export of Thai ceramics such as Sawankhalok (Sangkhalok in Thai) ware. Sukhothai was later a tributary state and then annexed by Ayutthaya 1438, and its nobility continued its influence with the Ayutthaya monarchy for a very long time after its kingdom fell.
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Prehistoric Thai Bronze Age jewelry, adzes and tools have been found all over Thailand. Excavations from various soil levels show many sites had been inhabited for millennia. They confirm the existence of an early, well-developed metallurgical tradition of bronze digging and cutting tools, adzes (ancient axe like tools to cut wood), adult and child’s bronze…
This Sawankhalok glazed stoneware lidded bowl with radiating glazed petals, olive-brown glazed lotus bud handle, intricate scroll of white glazed branches and florals was used to store spices, powders and cosmetics, betel nuts and medicine.
This Sawankhalok glazed stoneware lidded bowl with elegant mangosteen shape, cream and brown glazes and stylized incised floral and geometric designs, and raised calyx was used to store spices, powders and cosmetics, betel nuts and medicine.
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