A slip (also surrey or slipware) is liquefied clay or particles of clay suspended in water used to cover a clay body or to bond sections of a clay piece together (i.e. like gluing a cup handle) called a joining slip. Slips may also be used to decorate, color or protect parts of the clay body. For instance, mixing the clay with the same color of the clay body does not change its color, but mixing the clay with metal oxides produce a color slip in black, white, crème, red, and more depending on the metal oxide used. Covering the clay body with a slip also lessens the permeability (leakage) of a porous clay body. There are many other ways to use a slip for decorative purposes that depend on its thickness.
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Although most famous for Christian burials, people of all religions were interred in the catacombs due to a shortage of land and demand for burial space after a switch from cremations to underground burials in the 2nd century A.D. Roman made closed earthenware terracotta lamps became the dominant oil lamp style in the Roman world…
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